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ZX Spectrum

Launched in April 1982, the Sinclair ZX Spectrum was a revolutionary 8-bit home computer developed by Sinclair Research Ltd. as the successor to the ZX81. Featuring a Z80A CPU, color graphics, and either 16KB or 48KB of RAM, it was priced to appeal to the mass market. Its iconic rubber keyboard, affordability, and easy-to-learn Sinclair BASIC made it a smash hit, especially in the UK and Europe. The Spectrum became a platform for bedroom coders, indie game developers, and a booming software ecosystem. Over 5 million units were sold, cementing its legacy as one of the most influential computers in history.

Notable Features

• Full-color graphics at low cost (with the famous “color clash”)
• Innovative tokenized BASIC input with shortcut keypresses
• Rainbow stripe became an iconic design symbol
• Spawned legendary UK game developers: Ultimate Play the Game, Ocean, Codemasters
• Early platform for hobbyist programming and creative development

Historical Significance

• Established the UK as a global hub for indie game development
• Widely used in schools, homes, and by bedroom coders
• Massive commercial software library – games, educational tools, and more
• Continued development by Amstrad after acquiring Sinclair in 1986
• Influenced the design of low-cost computing throughout Europe and South America

Collectors Notes

• Rarity: Moderate (millions made), but early 16K and Issue 1 boards are collectible
• Desirability: Extremely high – iconic in both computing and gaming history
• Common Issues:
  • Failing rubber keyboards
  • Leaky electrolytic capacitors
  • Dead DRAM chips
  • Power supply failures

Specifications